At the micro level, school communications are about sharing information, but at the macro level, they're about building relationships.

Eighth-grader Jagger Shaw, 14, died last May after eating a granola bar given to him by a teacher but few details about what happened have been made public.

One organization has designed a different tutoring model, which gives very short one-to-one tutoring sessions to young children who are just learning to read. The nonprofit organization, Chapter One (formerly Innovations for Learning), calls it “short burst” tutoring.

In 2019, the superintendency was changed for good. The profession is now a multifaceted and complex job that no one could have anticipated, and it requires intense training and preparation, one expert says.